50 Most Important Environmental Movements & Conventions MCQs for Lok Sewa Aayog
Environmental movements, conventions, and organizations are frequently asked topics in Lok Sewa Aayog examinations. This post presents 50 carefully selected MCQs covering major global and Nepal-specific environmental initiatives, arranged chronologically for easy understanding and quick revision.
Important Environmental Movements MCQs for Loksewa
1 Which international organization, established in 1948, focuses on humanitarian and environmental crises?
Ans:- International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
Note:- IUCN maintains the Red List of Threatened Species, which is a global standard for assessing species’ conservation status.
2 Which global environmental NGO, founded in 1961, works on wildlife conservation and endangered species protection?
Ans:- World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)
Note:- WWF operates in over 100 countries and focuses on forests, oceans, freshwater, and climate initiatives.
3 Which forest and wildlife conservation program launched in 1961 in India focuses on tiger conservation?
Ans:- Project Tiger
Note:- It has helped increase tiger populations in India by protecting tiger reserves and combating poaching.
4 Which global environmental agreement, adopted in 1971, protects wetlands of international importance, especially as habitats for waterfowl?
Ans:- Ramsar Convention
Note:- It emphasizes wise use of wetlands to balance human needs and biodiversity conservation.
5 Which global environmental NGO, founded in 1971 in Vancouver, Canada, focuses on peaceful direct action for environmental protection?
Ans:- Greenpeace Movement
Note:- Greenpeace is famous for protesting nuclear tests, whaling, and deforestation using non-violent campaigns.
6 Which international conference held in 1972 marked the first global effort to address environmental issues at the United Nations level?
Ans:- Stockholm Conference
Note:- It led to the creation of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
7 Which international environmental program, established in 1972, monitors global environmental changes and promotes sustainable development?
Ans:- United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Note:- UNEP publishes the Global Environment Outlook (GEO) reports every few years to track environmental trends.
8 Which global forest conservation movement in India, started in 1973, encouraged villagers to hug trees to prevent cutting?
Ans:- Chipko Movement
Note:- It was particularly led by rural women, highlighting the role of women in environmental conservation.
9 Which international research organization, established in 1975 in Malaysia, works to improve fisheries, aquaculture, food security, and livelihoods in developing countries?
Ans:- World Fish Center
Note:- World Fish has helped develop sustainable aquaculture practices that reduce environmental impact.
10 Which tree planting movement in Kenya, started by Wangari Maathai in 1977, focuses on women empowerment and reforestation?
Ans:- Green Belt Movement
Note:- Wangari Maathai won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004 for her environmental and social activism.
11 Which international research organization, established in 1978 in Kenya, promotes agroforestry for sustainable agriculture?
Ans:- World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)
Note:- ICRAF focuses on integrating trees into farms to improve soil fertility, water retention, and biodiversity.
12 Which radical environmental movement founded in 1980 in the USA advocates direct action to protect wilderness?
Ans:- Earth First
Note:- Earth First is known for the slogan “No compromise in defense of Mother Earth.”
13 Which forest conservation movement in Karnataka, India, during 1983, was inspired by the Chipko Movement?
Ans:- Appiko Movement
Note:- Appiko also focused on protecting sacred groves and local biodiversity.
14 Which international agreement, adopted in 1987, aims to phase out substances that deplete the ozone layer?
Ans:- Montreal Protocol
Note:- It has successfully reduced the production of CFCs, helping in the gradual recovery of the ozone layer.
15 Which concept proposed by the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) in 1987 emphasizes achieving economic development and environmental protection simultaneously?
Ans:- Win–Win Policy
Note:- This policy forms the basis for sustainable development principles worldwide.
16 Which global environmental magazine, founded in 1987, focuses on raising awareness about climate change, biodiversity, and sustainability?
Ans:- The Blue Planet
Note:- It publishes articles aimed at both students and policy makers for environmental education.
17 Which international treaty, adopted in 1989, regulates the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes to protect human health and the environment?
Ans:- Basel Convention / Basel Mahasandhi
Note:- It aims to prevent illegal dumping of toxic wastes, especially in developing countries.
18 Which British scientific oceanographic expedition, conducted from 1872–1876, is considered the foundation of modern oceanography?
Ans:- HMS Challenger
Note:- The expedition collected over 4,700 new species and extensive oceanographic data.
19 Which international environmental assembly in Nepal, initiated by Gautam Sapkota, focuses on community forestry, conservation, and rural development?
Ans:- Kag Sammelan
Note:- It promotes local community participation in forest management and conservation.
20 Which international conference on sustainable development, held in 2002 in Johannesburg, focused on implementation of Agenda 21?
Ans:- World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD)
Note:- It emphasized partnerships between governments, NGOs, and private sectors.
21 Which forest restoration initiative in Nepal focuses on reforestation and community participation?
Ans:- Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs)
Note:- CFUGs have helped reduce deforestation and improve local livelihoods.
22 Which community forestry program in Nepal promotes sustainable forest management through local participation?
Ans:- Jiya Jiya
Note:- This program focuses on empowering women and youth in forest protection.
23 Which traditional environmental assembly in Nepal brings communities together for forest and water conservation discussions?
Ans:- Jara Juni Sammelan
Note:- It strengthens community-based natural resource governance.
24 Which environmental initiative in Nepal promotes participatory forestry and youth involvement?
Ans:- Milanokoli
Note:- It organizes workshops and training programs for forest management.
25 Which prestigious environmental award in Nepal recognizes outstanding contributions to nature conservation and environmental awareness?
Ans:- Abhram Puraskar
Note:- Recipients include individuals and organizations promoting innovative conservation practices.
26 Which global forest conservation initiative in Nepal, started in 1992, focused on preserving memory forests?
Ans:- Smriti Ban 92
Note:- It encourages planting trees to commemorate important events or people.
27 Which international treaty adopted in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro focuses on climate change mitigation and sustainable development?
Ans:- UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Note:- It laid the foundation for Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement.
28 Which European vehicle emission standard, introduced in 1992, aimed to reduce air pollution from motor vehicles?
Ans:- Euro-1
Note:- It set limits for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in car emissions.
29 Which international treaty, adopted in 1992, sets legally binding limits on the production and use of certain persistent organic pollutants (POPs)?
Ans:- Stockholm Convention
Note:- It targets chemicals like DDT and PCBs to protect human health and environment.
30 Which international treaty adopted in 1997 in Kyoto, Japan, set legally binding targets for industrialized countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
Ans:- Kyoto Protocol
Note:- It introduced carbon trading mechanisms to help countries meet emission targets.
31 Which campaign launched by WWF in 1999 aimed to protect the world’s most important ecoregions?
Ans:- Gift to the Earth
Note:- It highlighted biodiversity hotspots globally for conservation priorities.
32 Which UN initiative, launched in 2000, includes 17 goals for sustainable development to eradicate poverty and protect the planet?
Ans:- Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Note:- Goal 13 focuses on climate action, directly linking to environmental movements.
33 Which global environmental movement, started in 2000, focuses on climate justice and youth-led climate action?
Ans:- Fridays for Future
Note:- It was inspired by Greta Thunberg’s school strike movement.
34 Which global environmental campaign, started by WWF in 2007, encourages people to switch off lights for one hour to raise awareness about climate change?
Ans:- Earth Hour
Note:- Over 7,000 cities worldwide participate annually.
35 Which international treaty adopted in 2013 aims to protect human health and the environment from mercury pollution?
Ans:- Minamata Convention
Note:- It is named after Minamata disease, caused by mercury poisoning in Japan.
36 Which unit, named after British scientist G. M. B. Dobson, measures the thickness of the ozone layer?
Ans:- Dobson Unit
Note:- It is used to monitor ozone depletion and recovery trends.
37 Which eco-friendly infrastructure concept in Nepal promotes environmentally sustainable road construction?
Ans:- Harit Sadak
Note:- It incorporates green engineering techniques to reduce environmental impact.
38 Which environmental initiative in Nepal called “Tex 100” focuses on forest conservation and sustainable use of timber resources?
Ans:- Tex 100
Note:- It encourages responsible timber harvesting and replanting.
39 Which initiative or organization monitors environmental changes, biodiversity, and climate events to promote awareness and conservation?
Ans:- Earth Watch
Note:- It engages in research, field studies, and reporting to help policymakers and the public make informed decisions about sustainable development and environmental protection.
40 Which global environmental initiative sets targets to protect 30% of land, 30% of oceans, and reduce 30% of emissions to combat climate change?
Ans:- 30/30/30
Note:- It supports biodiversity conservation and climate mitigation goals.
41 Which prestigious UK-based award recognizes individuals or organizations for outstanding contributions to plant conservation and biodiversity?
Ans:- Kew International Award
Note:- It is awarded by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
42 Which community-led environmental campaign in Nepal, called Kikiki Huna, focuses on local forest and water conservation efforts?
Ans:- Kikiki Huna
Note:- It involves community volunteers in awareness and plantation drives.
43 Which global climate justice movement, known for protests during economic and climate summits, highlights corporate responsibility for climate change?
Ans:- Flood Wall Street
Note:- It uses direct-action protests to pressure policymakers.
44 Which global designation, given by UNESCO, recognizes regions for outstanding ecological and cultural biodiversity to promote sustainable development?
Ans:- Man of the Biosphere
Note:- Biosphere Reserves combine conservation with sustainable use by local communities.
45 Which ocean-atmosphere climate phenomenon, characterized by warming of Pacific Ocean waters, causes global weather disruptions such as droughts and floods?
Ans:- El Niño
Note:- It affects rainfall patterns and agriculture worldwide.
46 Which environmental indicator refers to particulate matter smaller than 10 micrometers, responsible for air pollution and health hazards?
Ans:- PM 10
Note:- PM10 is linked to respiratory diseases and cardiovascular problems.
47 Which global initiative encourages cities to commit to climate change action and sustainability goals?
Ans:- Covenant of Mayors
Note:- Cities pledge to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase resilience.
48 Which global environmental campaign started in the 1990s focuses on reducing carbon emissions in the transportation sector?
Ans:- Clean Air Initiative
Note:- It promotes cleaner fuels, public transport, and emission standards.
49 Which program initiated by the UN promotes sustainable urban development through environmental, economic, and social dimensions?
Ans:- UN-Habitat
Note:- It provides technical support to cities for sustainable planning and housing.
50 Which international environmental treaty protects human health from hazardous wastes across borders?
Ans:- Basel Mahasandhi
Note:- It prevents illegal dumping of electronic and chemical wastes in developing countries.
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